60 Free CNA Practice Exam Questions and Answers on Respiratory Distress

Perfect your exam preparation with 60 Free CNA Practice Exam Questions and Answers on Respiratory Distress now! This is one of the common practice tests for both nursing assistants and students to refine their critical thinking, enhance the essential knowledge and prepare better for their actual exams. Nursing assistant is a position which requires candidates to have entire understanding of nursing process and nursing care. With our following free CNA exam questions and immediate answers, you can absolutely feel self-confident when being asked about respiratory distress. In this test, we cover many specialized terminologies, the stages of respiratory distress and its manifestations in each stage. Practice with this quiz, you will feel extremely comfortable dispite taking a test. So, take a go now to refresh your mind and be ready for all the upcoming exams!

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   hypercapnia

• reduced oxygenation of arterial blood
• 5 Ps of ARDS therapy
• resp pharm: maintain fluid balance
• PaCO2 > 50 mmHg

To evaluate the effectiveness of prescribed therapies for a patient with ventilatory failure, which diagnostic test will be most useful to the nurse?

• inserting a pulmonary artery catheter.rationale:Pulmonary artery wedge pressures are normal in the patient with ARDS because the fluid in the alveoli is caused by increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane rather than by the backup of fluid from the lungs (as occurs in cardiogenic pulmonary edema). The other tests will not help in differentiating cardiogenic from noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.
• increase the oxygen flow rate.rationale:Increasing oxygen flow rate usually will improve oxygen saturation in patients with ventilation-perfusion mismatch, as occurs with pulmonary embolism. Because the problem is with perfusion, actions that improve ventilation, such as deep-breathing and coughing, sitting upright, and suctioning, are not likely to improve oxygenation.
• gentamicin (Garamycin) 60 mg IV rationale:Gentamicin, which is one of the aminoglycoside antibiotics, is potentially nephrotoxic, and the nurse should clarify the drug and dosage with the health care provider before administration. The other medications are appropriate for the patient with ARDS.
• Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis rationale: ABG analysis is most useful in this setting because ventilatory failure causes problems with CO2 retention, and ABGs provide information about the PaCO2 and pH. The other tests also may be done to help in assessing oxygenation or determining the cause of the patient's ventilatory failure.

Methylprednisone

• tx of pulm edema to decreas anxiety
• tx of pulm edema to support perfusion by increasing CO
• A patient can be hypoxic without being hypoxemic and pulse ox only measures the blood saturation of O2 to hemoglobin. Post-op hypoxia is typically caused by a pneumothorax or pulmonary embolism. When a patient suddenly becomes agitated, uncooperative, or behaves differenet from baseline suspect hypoxia.
• Tx of ARDS which reduces systemic inflammation, increases pulmonary function, decreases duration of mechanical ventilation and SAVES LIVES

morphine

• movement of air in and out of the lungs
• Blood test necessary for Dx of Resp Failure
• tx of pulm edema to decreas anxiety
• tx of pulm edema to support perfusion by increasing CO

How does acute respiratory failure happen?

• V/Q mismatch: Most common cause of low O2, Ratio is about 1 : 1 Ventilation is 4L/min Perfusion is 5L/min 5L/min. Low V/Q ratio produces shunting. High V/Q ratio produces increased dead space.Diffusion defects - Movement of O2 and CO2 across the alveoli‐capillary membrane is impaired.
• common causes (2) of poor ventilation/good perfusion
• ARDS intervention r/t mechanical ventilations (vent. setting)
• common cause of poor perfusion/good ventilation

Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure

• tx of pulm edema to reduce preload and afterload
• consists of three phases: exudative, proliferative, fibrotic
• The patient's respiratory rate has decreased from 30 to 10 breaths/min.rationale:A decrease in respiratory rate in a patient with respiratory distress suggests the onset of fatigue and a high risk for respiratory arrest. Therefore immediate action such as positive pressure ventilation is needed. Patients who are experiencing respiratory distress frequently sit in the tripod position because it decreases the work of breathing. Crackles in the lung bases may be the baseline for a patient with COPD. An oxygen saturation of 91% is common in patients with COPD and will provide adequate gas exchange and tissue oxygenation.
• INCREASED CO2 (greater than 45mm Hg) and DECREASED pH (less than 7.35), Telling us it's a VENTILATION problem, pt either not breathing enough or has an airtrapping diagnosis such as asthma or COPD