18 Free CNA Practice Test Questions and Answers on Respiratory Distress

Patients with the respiratory distress commonly have lots of difficulties in breathing which leads the uncomfortable feelings or even puts the patients’ health at risk. Respiratory distress occurs in connection with various physical ailments, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. As a nursing assistant, you must have an overview of these symptoms to follow up your patients and report to team leader if there is something strange. With the aim of assisting NA to give nursing care to patients with respiratory distress better, 18 Free CNA Practice Test Questions and Answers on Respiratory Distress brings up the sufficient knowledge of respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome as well as effective nursing interventions to promote patients’ comfort. These free CNA exam questions, indeed, are great practice questions for you to enrich nursing understanding and perfect their exam preparation. Hit it off now to crush all obstacles in your way to the nursing triumph!

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18 Free CNA Practice Test Questions and Answers on Respiratory Distress

Which statement by the nurse when explaining the purpose of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to the family members of a patient with ARDS is correct?a. "PEEP will prevent fibrosis of the lung from occurring."b. "PEEP will push more air into the lungs during inhalation."c. "PEEP allows the ventilator to deliver 100% oxygen to the lungs."d. "PEEP prevents the lung air sacs from collapsing during exhalation."

• ANS: CElevation of the head decreases the risk for aspiration. PEEP is frequently needed to improve oxygenation in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Suctioning should be done only when the patient assessment indicates that it is necessary. Enteral feedings should provide adequate calories for the patient's high energy needs.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 1760-1761 TOP: Nursing Process: PlanningMSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
• ANS: CA decrease in respiratory rate in a patient with respiratory distress suggests the onset of fatigue and a high risk for respiratory arrest. Therefore immediate action such as positive pressure ventilation is needed. Patients who are experiencing respiratory distress frequently sit in the tripod position because it decreases the work of breathing. Crackles in the lung bases may be the baseline for a patient with COPD. An oxygen saturation of 91% is common in patients with COPD and will provide adequate gas exchange and tissue oxygenation.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 1751-1752 OBJ: Special Questions: Prioritization TOP: Nursing Process: AssessmentMSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
• ANS: AIncreasing somnolence will decrease the patient's respiratory rate and further increase the PaCO2 and respiratory failure. Rapid action is needed to prevent respiratory arrest. An SpO2 of 90%, weakness, and elevated blood pressure all require ongoing monitoring but are not indicators of possible impending respiratory arrest.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 1751 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
• ANS: DBy preventing alveolar collapse during expiration, PEEP improves gas exchange and oxygenation. PEEP will not prevent the fibrotic changes that occur with ARDS, push more air into the lungs, or change the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) delivered to the patient.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 1761-1762 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

The nurse is caring for a 22-year-old patient who came to the emergency department with acute respiratory distress. Which information about the patient requires the most rapid action by the nurse?a. Respiratory rate is 32 breaths/min.b. Pattern of breathing is shallow.c. The patient's PaO2 is 45 mm Hg.d. The patient's PaCO2 is 34 mm Hg.

• ANS: BThe patient's lethargy, low respiratory rate, and SpO2 indicate the need for mechanical ventilation with ventilator-controlled respiratory rate. Administration of high flow oxygen will not be helpful because the patient's respiratory rate is so low. Insertion of a mini-tracheostomy will facilitate removal of secretions, but it will not improve the patient's respiratory rate or oxygenation. BiPAP requires that the patient initiate an adequate respiratory rate to allow adequate gas exchange.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 1754-1756 TOP: Nursing Process: PlanningMSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
• ANS: CElevation of the head decreases the risk for aspiration. PEEP is frequently needed to improve oxygenation in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Suctioning should be done only when the patient assessment indicates that it is necessary. Enteral feedings should provide adequate calories for the patient's high energy needs.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 1760-1761 TOP: Nursing Process: PlanningMSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
• ANS: CThe PaO2 indicates severe hypoxemia and respiratory failure. Rapid action is needed to prevent further deterioration of the patient. Although the shallow breathing, rapid respiratory rate, and low PaCO2 also need to be addressed, the most urgent problem is the patient's poor oxygenation.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 1746-1747 OBJ: Special Questions: Prioritization TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
• ANS: CThe patient's increased respiratory rate in combination with the admission diagnosis of gram-negative sepsis indicates that acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may be developing. The nurse should check for hypoxemia, a hallmark of ARDS. The health care provider should be notified after further assessment of the patient. Administration of the scheduled antibiotic and administration of Tylenol also will be done, but they are not the highest priority for a patient who may be developing ARDS.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 1758 | 1760 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

The nurse is caring for a patient who was hospitalized 2 days earlier with aspiration pneumonia. Which assessment information is most important to communicate to the health care provider?a. Cough that is productive of blood-tinged sputumb. Scattered crackles throughout the posterior lung basesc. Temperature of 101.5° F (38.6° C) after 2 days of IV antibiotic therapyd. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) has dropped to 90% with administration of 100% O2 by non-rebreather mask.

• ANS: CThe patient's increased respiratory rate in combination with the admission diagnosis of gram-negative sepsis indicates that acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may be developing. The nurse should check for hypoxemia, a hallmark of ARDS. The health care provider should be notified after further assessment of the patient. Administration of the scheduled antibiotic and administration of Tylenol also will be done, but they are not the highest priority for a patient who may be developing ARDS.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 1758 | 1760 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
• ANS: DThe patient's low SpO2 despite receiving a high fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) indicates the possibility of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The patient's blood-tinged sputum and scattered crackles are not unusual in a patient with pneumonia, although they do require continued monitoring. The continued temperature elevation indicates a possible need to change antibiotics, but this is not as urgent a concern as the progression toward hypoxemia despite an increase in O2 flow rate.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 1760 OBJ: Special Questions: Prioritization TOP: Nursing Process: AssessmentMSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
• ANS: CThe patient's assessment indicates that assisted coughing is needed to help remove secretions, which will improve oxygenation. A 2-hour rest period at this time may allow the oxygen saturation to drop further. Humidification will not be helpful unless the secretions can be mobilized. Positioning on the right side may cause a further decrease in oxygen saturation because perfusion will be directed more toward the more poorly ventilated lung.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 1754-1755 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
• ANS: DThis patient's history of septicemia and labored breathing suggest the onset of ARDS, which will require rapid interventions such as administration of oxygen and use of positive pressure ventilation. The other patients also should be assessed as quickly as possible, but their assessment data are typical of their disease processes and do not suggest deterioration in their status.DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: 1758-1760 OBJ: Special Questions: Multiple Patients TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment

A patient develops increasing dyspnea and hypoxemia 2 days after having cardiac surgery. To determine whether the patient has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or pulmonary edema caused by left ventricular failure, the nurse will anticipate assisting witha. inserting a pulmonary artery catheter.b. obtaining a ventilation-perfusion scan.c. drawing blood for arterial blood gases.d. positioning the patient for a chest radiograph.

• ANS: APulmonary artery wedge pressures are normal in the patient with ARDS because the fluid in the alveoli is caused by increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane rather than by the backup of fluid from the lungs (as occurs in cardiogenic pulmonary edema). The other tests will not help in differentiating cardiogenic from noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 1753-1754 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
• ANS: CA decrease in respiratory rate in a patient with respiratory distress suggests the onset of fatigue and a high risk for respiratory arrest. Therefore immediate action such as positive pressure ventilation is needed. Patients who are experiencing respiratory distress frequently sit in the tripod position because it decreases the work of breathing. Crackles in the lung bases may be the baseline for a patient with COPD. An oxygen saturation of 91% is common in patients with COPD and will provide adequate gas exchange and tissue oxygenation.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 1751-1752 OBJ: Special Questions: Prioritization TOP: Nursing Process: AssessmentMSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
• ANS: AThe purpose of prone positioning is to improve the patient's oxygenation as indicated by the PaO2 and SaO2. The other information will be collected but does not indicate whether prone positioning has been effective.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 1762-1763 TOP: Nursing Process: EvaluationMSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
• ANS: CThe patient's increased respiratory rate in combination with the admission diagnosis of gram-negative sepsis indicates that acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may be developing. The nurse should check for hypoxemia, a hallmark of ARDS. The health care provider should be notified after further assessment of the patient. Administration of the scheduled antibiotic and administration of Tylenol also will be done, but they are not the highest priority for a patient who may be developing ARDS.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 1758 | 1760 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity